The impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination on Omicron infection medrxivpreprint UniUtrecht SARSCoV2 COVID19 coronavirus covid Omicron infection
By Bhavana KunkalikarJan 12 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server, researchers explored the effects of prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection.
From May 2021 to December 2021, random mailings and campaigns on social media were used to recruit The Vaccine Study COVID‐19 participants. Adults residing in the community between 18 and 85 years were included, and those aged 60 to 85 years were oversampled. At baseline, participants answered a questionnaire on demographics, COVID-19 vaccination, past SARS-CoV-2 infections, and comorbidities.
The study outcome involved SARS-CoV2 infection throughout the study period. COVID-19 infection was determined by any self-reported SARS-CoV-2-positive test and either the detection or four-times increase in SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein -antibodies. The comparison with infection-elicited immunity could be conducted for persons with two prior immunizing experiences. It was extremely rare during the research period for subjects to have had over two prior infections and no vaccination. In the stratum of two prior immunizing events, infection-induced immunity provided more protection than hybrid immunity; however, this difference did not show statistical significance.
Comparable rates of SARS-CoV-2 spike -antibody loss were observed for vaccine-only and hybrid immunity. Notably, in the strata with three prior immunizing episodes, the drop in S-antibody concentration between weeks 30 and 40 and weeks four and 10 for hybrid and vaccine-induced immunity was 64%. Furthermore, GMC values were significantly lower for infection-induced immunity than hybrid or vaccine-induced immunity, even though infection-induced immunity was highly efficient.
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