The effect of evolutionary changes in prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunosuppressed individual due to advanced HIV medrxivpreprint ucl UKZN UW Columbia infection SARSCoV2 COVID19 coronavirus covid
By Bhavana KunkalikarNov 30 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server, researchers assessed the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection on cell death and fusion in immunocompromised hosts.
The study cohort was sampled as soon as possible after diagnosis, within the first month after diagnosis, and at three-month intervals thereafter. The team performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction using nasopharyngeal as well as oropharyngeal swabs for six months after diagnosis, with virus isolation beginning on day six post-diagnosis .
Results The team detected continuous SARS-CoV-2 infection in the participant with advanced HIV. D6 demonstrated low to moderate immune evasion in the plasma samples collected from convalescent people who had previously reported infection with either the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type strain or the Beta or the Delta variants. However, D190 demonstrated a more broad immunological escape from the ancestral strain and neutralizing antibodies induced by the Delta variant.
Quantifying fusions across numerous separate experiments revealed that the frequency of fusions in uninfected cell cultures was low and did not improve over time. Infection with the D614G virus increased the frequency of cell fusion, with around 40% of cell nuclei fusing 36 hpi. The number of fusions was consistently reduced with BA.1 infection, reaching less than half that of D614G infection.
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