The evolutionary trajectories and mechanisms driving the emergence of post-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 lineages COVID19 coronavirus covid SARSCoV2 evolution
By Neha MathurNov 30 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent report posted on Virological*, a discussion forum for analysis of virus genomes, researchers summarized the mechanisms through which the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 new Omicron sublineages are evolving.
In the case of SARS-CoV-2, this evolutionary pattern continued in 2022, giving rise to the second generation of saltation variants, all of which are Omicron subvariants; e.g., BA.2-derivatives, BA.2.75, BA.2.3.20, BJ.1, BS.1, BA.2.83, BA.2.10.4, BP.1, and DD.1. Majorly, these evolved as a consequence of a seeding event at the end of 2021 or beginning of 2022.
So far, XBB, likely a recombinant between BJ.1 and a BA.2.75-derivative, BM.1.1.1, is the most renowned inter-lineage recombinant. It has inherited the 5’ and 3' parts of its genome from the former and the latter, respectively, with just one breakpoint within the S RBD. Its single S breakpoint allowed XBB to possess the most potent antigenic RBD mutations, making it relatively farther from any prior variant.
Effect of antigenic drift and convergent mutations in SARS-CoV-2 BA.5 accumulated potent antigenic mutations sequentially as opposed to BA.2, the preceding Omicron-derived saltation variant, which acquired these mutations in one go to replace the latter in mid-2022 globally. Another rapidly growing lineage was BQ.1.1, a derivative of BQ.1, containing three further antigenic mutations in its S RBD. Other examples include BA.2.75.
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