Plant-based foods vs. animal-based foods Atherosclerosis Cancer Cardiology Diabetes Diet Food Inflammation Lifexpectancy Meat Nutrition Obesity Protein Vegetables Vitamin B12 MedTweets JACCJournals YaleMed UCSDHealth nyugrossman
Editorial: Are We What We Eat? The Moral Imperative of the Medical Profession to Promote Plant-Based Nutrition. Image Credit: Rimma Bondarenko and Tatjana Baibakova / Shutterstock
A few or no “lifestyle disorders” documented in prehistoric humans could be attributed to the evolutionary pressure that led them to develop robust adrenergic and immune responses to escape predators. These responses helped them develop the physiological ability to fight wounds and infections better. Moreover, the low lifespan did not give them enough time to develop age-related and lifestyle disorders, including atherosclerosis, cardiometabolic diseases, obesity, and cancer.
The modern adaptation of the Paleolithic diet, which includes low-carbohydrate, high-fat, high-protein foods, is one of the leading causes of these lifestyle disorders. A high amount of animal protein is particularly associated with these disorders. Apart from saturated fat and cholesterol, animal-based foods contain sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid , trimethylamine N-oxide , heme iron, and advanced glycation end products . These compounds induce inflammation, oxidative stress, gut microbiota imbalance, and endothelial injury. Collectively, these factors can increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and coronary artery disease.
Plant-based foods and healthy lifestyle behaviors are considered the optimal nutritional strategy to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, by increasing the intake of monounsaturated fat and reducing the intake of saturated fat, a plant-based diet can reduce the risk of cognitive aging.
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Plant-based dietary patterns defined by a priori indices and colorectal cancer risk by sex and race/ethnicity: the Multiethnic Cohort Study - BMC MedicineBackground Plant-based diets assessed by a priori indices are associated with health outcomes. This study investigated the associations between pre-defined indices of plant-based diets and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and evaluated whether the association varies by sex, race and ethnicity, and anatomic subsite of tumors. Methods A total of 79,952 men and 93,475 women who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort Study were included. Primary outcome was incidence of invasive CRC. Cox models were used to estimate the risk of CRC across quintiles of three plant-based diet scores: overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). Results During a mean follow-up of 19.2 years, 4976 incident CRC were identified. Among men, multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) for the highest vs. lowest quintiles was 0.77 (0.67–0.88) for PDI, and 0.80 (0.70–0.91) for hPDI, while no significant association was found for uPDI among men and for all indices among women. In men, the inverse association for PDI was stronger in Japanese American, Native Hawaiian, and White groups than African American or Latino group (P for heterogeneity = 0.01) and for left colon and rectal tumors than right tumors (P for heterogeneity = 0.005), whereas the decreased risk with hPDI was found consistently across racial and ethnic groups and subsites. Conclusions Greater adherence to plant-based diets rich in healthy plant foods and low in less healthy plant foods is associated with a reduced risk of CRC in men, but not in women. The strength of the association among men may vary by race and ethnicity and anatomic subsite of tumors.
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Healthy plant-based diets associated with lower colorectal cancer risk in menEating a plant-based diet rich in healthy plant foods—such as whole grains, vegetables, and legumes—and low in unhealthy plant foods—including refined grains, fruit juices, and added sugars—is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in men. The findings are published in the open access journal BMC Medicine.
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