Low-density granulocytes are phenotypically altered in people with long-COVID Coronavirus Disease COVID SARSCoV2 biorxivpreprint uhmanoa uhmed
Studies have reported elevated LDG counts in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections; however, the long-term impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on LDG expression and phenotypic alterations has not been well-characterized. Further research is required to assess the functional contributions of LDGs to pulmonary post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 development.
The study comprised 12 SARS-CoV-2 infection convalescent individuals with pulmonary symptoms and 10 recovered individuals without residual COVID-19 symptoms . For comparison, 12 human immunodeficiency virus -negative individuals from a previously conducted study were included as SARS-CoV-2-naïve controls .
Further, flow cytometry analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to compare LDG levels and their phenotypes based on markers of activation, maturation, and NET formation. In addition, LDG activation was assessed based on the myeloperoxidase and cluster of differentiation 11b expression and LDG granularity.
PPASC patient LDGs showed enhanced NET-forming capability and platelet aggregation than NRS and NP group individuals. LDGs showed CD11b+/CD14-/CD15+/CD16+/CD45+ expression. PPASC patients showed a rising trend in LDG proportion and significantly higher LDG counts than controls . The findings indicated that LDGs showed an elevated frequency of mature LDGs, and their counts persisted at high levels for several months post-COVID-19, even among recovered NRS COVID-19 patients lacking residual COVID-19 symptoms. The PPASC and NRS group individuals showed more mature LDG NPs than controls, and the CD16hi and CD16lo LDG subsets showed higher expression among PPASC patients.
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