Think about being in a conversation with your best friend or partner. How often do you finish each other's words and sentences? How do you know what they are going to say before they have said it? We like to think it is romantic intuition, but it's just down to how the human brain works.
. So it is easy to see why, upon hearing the first sounds of a word, potential candidate words are activated, not only from one language, but from the other one as well.
Increased looking time reflected the fact that observers activated a larger pool of competing labels, which happens when words sound similar. Not surprisingly, bilinguals looked longer at images that overlapped both within and across their languages—meaning they looked longer at more objects than monolinguals.
Participants were required to identify the correct object image after hearing a prompt word. They were then tested on their recognition memory of objects they had previously seen. Participants had to click on a box labeled"old" if they recognized the item and on a box labeled"new" if they did not. Interestingly, second language proficiency played a crucial role. The memory advantage was most profound in bilinguals with high second language proficiency than in bilinguals with low second language proficiency and monolinguals. Clearly, to play bilingual hangman efficiently, you need to develop high proficiency in the second language, so that its words become competitors alongside those of the first language.
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