The Russian president gave a 17-minute prerecorded speech as the bloc opened its first in-person meeting since before the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. Mr Putin is wanted by the International Criminal Court over the abduction of children from Ukraine.
BRICS officials have argued against suggestions the bloc is shifting towards an anti-West position under the influence of China and Russia, saying instead it is looking out for the interests of the Global South.
But the BRICS stance is at odds with its Western allies on a number of issues, including Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The European Union has called on Mr Xi, Mr Ramaphosa, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to use the three-day summit to condemn Russia and Mr Putin for the war in Ukraine - something that is unlikely to happen.
Instead BRICS has been a forum for Russia to express its anti-Western rhetoric, with Mr Lavrov using BRICS foreign minister meeting in June to lambast the West for its"hegemony" and use of"financial blackmail" to serve its"selfish interests". A small protest against Russia's invasion of Ukraine was held at a public park more than 3km from the summit on Tuesday.
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