Researchers have long understood that people with chronic health conditions, such as heart disease, are at increased risk for depression. The same may be true for people with COVID-19 symptoms that linger for months and sometimes years.
An estimated 28% of U.S. adults who have had acute COVID-19 infections say they have experienced long COVID at some point, according to the latest survey data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Long COVID occurs when a constellation of symptoms persist following the initial illness. It's more prevalent among people who are older, female, hospitalized and unvaccinated.
Diagnosing depression in someone with long COVID takes a more nuanced approach than diagnosing the condition in the, Anderson said. That's because symptoms often associated with depression—such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, changes in appetite and concentration—also are associated with long COVID. The virus that causes COVID-19 may be contributing to a person's mental state in a variety of ways, she said. The person may have experienced prolonged isolation or they may be dealing withdirectly related to their illness, such as being easily fatigued and unable to function normally. Such limitations may have even led them to lose their jobs.
But some studies suggest COVID may affect the brain directly. This raises the question, Anderson said, that"if it's getting into the brain, is it affecting the parts of the brain responsible for mood? We just don't have those answers." PTSD occurs in patients who have had near-death experiences or hospitalizations related to their COVID infections, and in those who have lost loved ones to the virus and may have survivor's guilt, Anderson said.
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