Two new studies show how bacteria could help tumors progress and resist treatment nature CellReports
"What we're showing is that there are regions of the tumor that are heavily colonized by bacteria—micro-niche regions—and they differ functionally from regions that do not harbor bacteria," said Fred Hutch cancer microbiome researcher and study co-lead Susan Bullman, Ph.D., referring to the work outlined in the Nature study."And these bacteria-rich regions have increased metastatic potential.
"This work is at the intersection of cancer and microbiome research," Bullman said."There's compelling emerging data to suggest that nearly all major cancer types harbor an intra-tumoral microbiota." Regions colonized by bacteria were highly immune suppressive and had fewer cancer-killing T cells than other areas. Areas that had T cells near bacteria also had an upregulation of immune checkpoint proteins, which restrain the cancer-killing effects of T cells. Several checkpoint inhibitors are approved for use in colorectal cancer, and this study may help explain how a patient's microbiota could influence whether their cancer responds to a checkpoint inhibitor.
Some anti-cancer drugs may be effective because they are also antimicrobials that target bacteria supportingis highly sensitive to a common chemo drug called 5-fluorouracil, or 5-FU, but the researchers found thatapparently has a way to metabolize the drug and minimize its exposure to cancer cells or other bacteria.
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