The role of self-extracellular nucleic acids in neuroinflammation biomedical_of nucleicacids acids nucleic neuroinflammation
By Vijay Kumar MalesuAug 14 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent review published in the Journal of Biomedical Science, researchers explore the role of self-extracellular nucleic acids in diseases like stroke, multiple sclerosis , Alzheimer’s disease , and Parkinson’s disease .
PRRs like TLRs detect DAMPs and PAMPs, both of which are crucial for responding to infections and injuries. In addition to immune cells, PRRs are also widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, where they protect against brain infections and conditions like Alzheimer's and strokes. Released RNA types include microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and circular RNA . These can be free or bound to proteins, lipids, or extracellular vesicles . EV-associated RNAs, like miRNAs, can move between cells, influencing gene expression.
Specific non-coding RNAs can be used as stroke biomarkers and therapy targets, with certain microRNAs modulating post-stroke inflammation and long non-coding RNAs influencing inflammation regulation. Additionally, extracellular DNA, particularly from neutrophils, intensifies inflammation. Therefore, targeting these mechanisms offers promising therapeutic avenues for ischemic stroke.
Recent studies underscore the significance of extracellular RNAs, especially ncRNAs, in MS. Notably, certain microRNAs influence immune responses, with specific lncRNAs implicated in inflammation regulation. Extracellular mitochondrial DNA is also involved in MS neuroinflammation, thus indicating ongoing nerve damage.
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