The impact of lung remodeling from prior helminth infection on SARS-CoV-2 disease pathogenesis biorxivpreprint NIAIDNews Malaghan_Inst helminth COVID19 coronavirus covid lung infection disease pathogenesis
By Tarun Sai LomteNov 15 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. A recent study posted to the bioRxiv* preprint server reported that helminth exposure enhances viral clearance and survival of mice challenged with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 .
The study and findings In the present study, researchers evaluated the impact of lung remodeling from prior helminth infection on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in mice. SARS-CoV-2-susceptible K18-hACE2 mice were infected with 500 larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and rested for 28 days to naturally clear the infection and recover. Subsequently, mice were challenged with a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2 and observed for weight changes and survival.
The proportion of cluster of differentiation 8-positive T cells was markedly elevated in worm-exposed mice compared to controls at 7 dpi. SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cells increased in frequency by 7 dpi in worm-exposed mice. Depleting CD8+ T cells in worm-exposed mice before the SARS-CoV-2 challenge produced results similar to controls, suggesting that lung remodeling by prior helminth infection conferred protection against the viral challenge.
Genes involved in antigen processing/presentation were enriched in Sec61a1 macrophages from the worm-exposed mice, whereas those involved in inflammatory cytokine responses were enriched in Scgb1a1 macrophages. CD8+ T cells in the lungs of helminth-exposed mice secreted less pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor -α and interferon -γ. These cells had low expression of genes associated with inflammation and cytotoxic activity.
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