The biological properties of the SARS-CoV-2 E protein in the context of HIV-1 UnivOfKansas KUMedCenter SARSCoV2 COVID19 coronavirus covid HIV
By Bhavana KunkalikarNov 22 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study published in Retrovirology, researchers assessed the effectiveness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 envelope proteins against human immunodeficiency virus -1.
First, the intracellular expression corresponding to the SARS-CoV-2 E protein was investigated. The team transfected COS-7 cells with a vector encoding the SARS-CoV-2 E protein fused to a hemagglutinin -tag at the C-terminus and immunostained to detect E protein while antibodies were directed against the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment , trans Golgi , or late endosomes/lysosomes .
Related StoriesHEK293 cells were co-transfected with pcDNA3.1 that expressed the SARS-CoV-2 E protein along with HSV-1 glycoprotein D , which served as the positive control for restriction, or gD[ΔTMCT], and pNL4-3. Furthermore, the researchers investigated whether the E protein inhibited ΔvpuHIV-1. The capacity of ΔvpuHIV-1 to multiply in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 E and bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 proteins were also determined.
Similar to the SARS-CoV-2 E protein, investigation of the intracellular expression of the HcoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV E proteins indicated that they were mostly localized in the ER and Golgi sections of the cell, with no expression observed at the cell surface. Whi gD inhibited the infectious HIV-1 release, gD [ΔTMCT] showed no such impact. Furthermore, the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 E proteins inhibited the release of HIV-1 by 1.4% and 1.3%, respectively.
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