Immediately after the infection of a cell in the throat or lungs, the SARS-CoV-2 virus works very hard to replicate, using the human cell's metabolic pathways to produce its proteins and make sure that its genetic material (the RNA genome) is copied.
Reviewed by Megan Craig, M.Sc.Aug 21 2023 The RNA genome is then packaged very compactly into new virus particles that are released from the cell to infect more cells.
Like a Swiss army knife, N has several tools at its disposal for all these functions: Firstly, N must be able to distinguish between cellular and viral RNA and to coil up the latter in a spiral shape. That is why N can bind viral RNA in a relatively non-specific manner. To steer the transcription of viral RNA into viral proteins , for example, N must, however, equally be able to recognize specific positions on the viral RNA, called RNA motifs.
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