Scientists explore kinetics of naturally induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Kenyan population medrxivpreprint KEMRI_Wellcome COVID19 SARSCoV2 Antibodies Kenya
By Neha MathurOct 10 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server, researchers investigated the breadth and longevity of immunity induced by natural severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure among the Kenyan population.
Previous studies surveying the general population of high-income countries have shown that anti-SARS-CoV-2 nAbs could be short-lived. Some COVID-19 patients remain seronegative despite being SARS-CoV-2 positive. These observations raise the possibility of inter-population differences in people’s abilities to generate and maintain antiSARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
About the study In the present study, researchers determined the kinetics of naturally acquired anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in a cohort of Kenyan patients with varying degrees of COVID-19 severity. They followed up with these patients for six months following COVID-19 diagnosis to assess the titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies and their subsequent waning.
The antibody neutralization potency increased until day 28 and then declined until day 180 in the participants recruited before April 2021. Conversely, for those recruited post-April 2021, the immune responses were more heterogenous, with nAb levels increasing until day 28 and then plateauing between day 28 and day 180. Infection-induced nAbs were more potent against the Wuhan-Hu1 strain than SARS-CoV-2 VOCs that became prevalent later.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with neutralizing function decayed three-fold by the sixth month of follow-up. It explains possible re-infections in the current study cohort, where a few patients had binding and neutralizing antibodies increasing after day 28 of COVID-19 diagnosis without vaccination. Similarly, other studies have shown occurrences of SARS-CoV-2 re-infections.
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