Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 antigens can persist in the body for up to 14 months after initial infection, challenging the idea that COVID-19 is a transient illness. This finding has implications for understanding long-term effects of the virus and could influence future treatments and vaccines.
By Neha MathurOct 30 2023Reviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc. In a recent study posted to the medRxiv preprint* server, researchers pursued evidence of whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antigens, of which spike protein is highly immunogenic, persist beyond the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019 .
Studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 antigens, particularly spike subunits 1 and 2 and nucleocapsid , might persist following COVID-19. Studies also indicate that several virologic and immunologic factors work behind the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antigens beyond the acute phase of illness. They collected stored plasma samples from the participants of the Long-term Impact of Infection with Novel Coronavirus study completed at UCSF, who made the most study visits in the 1.25 years following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results The pandemic- and pre-pandemic groups were similar in attributes; however, they were variable in the proportion of women. The former had 50% women, with an average age of 46 years, while the latter comprised only 22% women. The study follow-up for pandemic-era participants continued long after index infection, between 0.9 and 15.4 months.
Among vaccinated individuals, antigens were detected within three weeks of receiving a vaccine dose in five instances .
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