Though oral health issues can affect overall health, the two are considered unrelated and are frequently addressed separately when it comes to treatment. However, existing research shows that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are more likely to have periodontitis and vice-versa, suggesting an 'oral-gut axis' linking the two conditions reciprocally. As such, collaborative, holistic health care may serve as an effective approach for such patients.
are the two main forms of IBD, a broad category covering a number of chronic inflammatory issues that affect the GI tract. In Crohn's disease, patches of inflammation may be found on the bowel wall throughout both the large and small intestines, while inflammation in ulcerative colitis is found on the mucosal layer from the colon to the rectum.
The exact cause of IBD has not been identified, but environmental, genetic, and microbial factors as well as immune responses are all believed to be involved. Risk factors may include age ; ethnicity ; family history, and specifically for Crohn's disease, smoking. However, though evidence points to a relationship between IBD and periodontitis, its causality and directionality are still unclear. Existing research shows that a specific sequence of events may be necessary to precipitate development of IBD associated with periodontitis. The new review outlines these events and examines the inflammatory responses that the two conditions share, proposing a"multi-hit model" by which periodontitis and its related oral bacteria may be implicated.
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