Scientists uncover the largest known gathering of octopus in the world, with 20,000 pearl octopus breeding in warm hydrothermal springs. This discovery challenges the belief that octopus are predominantly solitary and raises questions about the significance of the thermal springs. Researchers aim to unravel the mysteries surrounding this deep-sea octopus breeding ground.
A devoted mother pearl octopus brooding her eggs – the baby octopus’s eyes and tentacles are visible inside the egg casings – showing they are half way through their development.
Life is challenging for animals in the deep sea. The near-freezing temperature of abyssal waters slows the pace of life for most cold-blooded organisms, yet each must find a way to survive and reproduce to ensure the future of the next generation. We knew that the length of the brood period for octopus worldwide is closely related to water temperature - the eggs of octopus species living in warmer waters can hatch within days or weeks, while incubation for colder water species is much longer.
In the control room aboard the R/V Western Flyer. From here we can control the ROV and cameras two miles below While we don’t know for sure, it seems logical that the shorter brood period increases the chance that more eggs will hatch. We know that developing embryos are always at risk of injury, infection, predation, or other sources of mortality. For the very short brood periods of warm water octopuses, this may be unimportant, but for incubations lasting many years, these mortality risks are significant.
Intimate, close-up scenes of developing embryos made it easier to estimate how far along they were in their development, while we were able to witness the decline of the mothers toward the end their incubation in the tight shots we captured with the Planet Earth III team. Overall, working together has helped our insight into many aspects of pearl octopus biology and behaviour.
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