Microgel Encourages Bone Regeneration in Critical-Size Defects SciReports TheRamLab
By Bhavna KavetiOct 10 2022Reviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc. Ossification and concomitant vascularization are crucial processes for healing large bone fractures. Despite the multifunctional role of endothelial cells, vascularizing large bone grafts in engineered bone constructs remains a challenge, thereby limiting their clinical translation.
The bone matrix-mimicking osteogenic microgel was composed of gelatin, chitosan, and hydroxyapatite, which promoted the attachment and growth of MSCs. Alternatively, gelatin-containing vasculogenic microgels enabled the formation of vascular networks when integrated into 3D matrices and enriched with endothelial cells.
While a range of grafting materials are used to fix the fractures, conventional autologous grafts were adopted clinically for surgical reconstruction due to minimal risk of rejection and fast healing. However, incorporating these grafts may cause donor-site morbidities and intraoperative blood loss. Since MSCs can regenerate and are available from autologous tissue sources, their application in bone repair has been studied extensively. Due to the long-term survival issues of implanted MSCs inside the host, clinical studies have revealed the efficiency of material-based systems in delivering MSCs and enhancing their bone regenerative potential.
Nanoporous Microgels in Tissue Engineering The hypo-immunogenicity, self-renewal, and differentiation abilities of MSCs make them a reliable source for tissue engineering applications. The present study demonstrated an easy method to synthesize injectable microgels to facilitate the osteogenesis of MSCs and enable the formation of an endothelial network. The microgels used in this study were fabricated from gelatin, chitosan, and hydroxyapatite.
Furthermore, the composition and physical parameters of the microgels influenced osteogenesis. The high polymer density and nanoporous structure of the microgels originating from the cross-linked polypeptides enabled high water retention of the matrix, mimicking that of the bone matrix.
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