Is repetitive heading of the ball during a professional soccer career associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment? UniofNottingham lborouniversity BristolUni Cambridge_Uni cognition health injury soccor football
By Vijay Kumar MalesuJul 20 2023Reviewed by Sophia Coveney In a recent study published in JAMA Network Open, a group of researchers investigated if heading frequency is associated with cognitive impairment in retired soccer players.
Some big studies highlight higher neurodegenerative disease risks in retired players, with defenders at the greatest risk and goalkeepers at the lowest. Despite this, comprehensive information on heading and concussion exposure is lacking. Cognitive function was assessed using various tests, including the telephone interview for cognitive status-modified , verbal fluency , the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test , and independent activities of daily living . The study also recorded physician-diagnosed dementia/Alzheimer's disease through self-reporting.
Related StoriesThe authors reported that the occurrence rate of cognitive impairment was 9.78% for players with 0-5 headings per match, 14.78% for 6-15 headings, and 15.20% for >15 headings . Compared to players with 0-5 headings, those reporting 6-15 headings had an AOR of 2.71 for cognitive impairment, while players with >15 headings had an AOR of 3.53 .
Linear regression analysis supported these associations for TICS-m, IADL, and Test Your Memory scores. Further, the findings aligned with other studies that used playing position as a substitute for head impact exposure and found higher neurodegenerative disease risks in defenders compared to goalkeepers. The authors of this study suggested that heading exposure was a contributing factor, and their results supported this, with defenders heading the most, followed by forwards, midfielders, and goalkeepers.
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