How the COVID-19 pandemic affected pregnant women in Mexico Mexico Coronavirus Disease COVID Pregnancy medrxivpreprint
By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDOct 17 2022Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. The spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 , which is the pathogen responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 , continues to threaten the health and economic welfare worldwide.
Introduction The high-risk status of pregnant women exposed to SARS-CoV-2 was established because of the various physiological changes occurring during pregnancy that increase the likelihood of a hyper-inflammatory response to the infection. Following infection with SARS-CoV-2, this type of systemic reaction, sometimes called a cytokine storm, has been linked to severe disease, multi-organ dysfunction, and increased mortality risk.
About the study The current study used pregnancy registries from the National Epidemiological Surveillance System of the General Directorate of Epidemiology. All COVID-19 cases were identified using precise definitions, including the presence of a positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test.
What did the study show? Of the women in this study, 20% required hospitalization, and about 8% developed pneumonia, with a CFR of just over 1%. This CFR is one-tenth of the previously reported CFR for Mexico in general and is likely because almost 70% of such deaths were in males, half of whom were 60 years or older.
Almost 80% of deaths in the cohort were due to pneumonia, which was reported in previous studies. The presence of this complication increased the risk of death by almost nine-fold. The mortality risk was five-fold higher in pregnant women aged 40-49 years compared to the overall CFR. Despite this, half of the deaths occurred in women aged 30-39 years, while half of the survivors were between 20-29 years of age.
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