How do female sex hormones affect sleep, and memory? Alzheimers Disease Sleep WomensHealth Dementia Memory Neurology estrogen progesterone frontiersin JohnsHopkinsSPH HopkinsMedicine BrownMedicine KennedyKrieger jhu_coah
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Aug 7 2022Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. According to recent reports, the number of individuals aged 65 years and older throughout the world is increasing at an exceptional rate. In 2008, about 506 million belonged to this age group; however, researchers estimate that this will increase to 1.4 billion by 2040. This predicted rise in elderly individuals suggests an increase in age-related health issues, particularly dementia and cognitive decline.
According to the World Health Organization , Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. Aging is a natural factor that contributes to the occurrence of sleep disturbances, memory deficits, and the risk of AD. Biological sex also appears to have an important role in the incidence of AD, with women often at a greater risk of ADRD as compared to men of the same age. Furthermore, post-diagnosis of AD, women undergo faster cognitive decline than men.
About the study In the current study, the authors reviewed extensive literature to identify any evidence that linked female sex hormones with sleep and memory. Limited data were available on the influence of sex hormones on sleep and memory with regards to the menstrual cycle, menopause, and pregnancy.
Sleep spindles, which are defined as bursts of neural oscillations throughout the thalamus, affect long-term memory outcomes. This is because sleep spindles might increase prefrontal and hippocampal cortex synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, which are key factors associated with the long-term maintenance of cognitive health and next-day memory performance. These factors are also influenced by fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels.
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