British computer scientist Geoffrey Hinton has left Google with a warning about the potential dangers of artificial intelligence, having spent his entire career driving the technology forward
Dr Hinton himself was inducted into the Royal Society in 1998. By then, he had co-authored a landmark paper with David Rumelhart and Ronald Williams on the concept of backpropagation - a way of training artificial neural networks hailed as"the missing mathematical piece" needed to supercharge machine learning. It meant that rather than humans having to keep tinkering with neural networks to improve their performance, they could do it themselves.
ChatGPT itself is well aware of how vital backpropagation is to its development, describing it as a"key breakthrough" that"helps ChatGPT adjust its parameters so that its predictions become more accurate over time". Asked how backpropagation helps ChatGPT function, it says:"In essence, backpropagation is a way for ChatGPT to learn from its mistakes and improve its performance. With each iteration of the training process, ChatGPT becomes better at predicting the correct output for a given input.
A year after the publication of the backpropagation paper in 1986, Dr Hinton started a programme dedicated to machine learning at the University of Toronto. He continued to collaborate with like-minded colleagues and students, fascinated by how computers could be trained to think, see, and understand.
Dr Hinton told CBS News it was work sceptics once dismissed as"nonsense". But in 2012, another milestone, as he and two other researchers - including future OpenAI co-founder Ilya Sutskever - won a competition for building a computer vision system that could recognise hundreds of objects in pictures.
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