Scientists discover new mechanism associated with severeCOVID-19 frontiersin
Measurement of soluble CD73
The concentration of soluble CD73 in plasma was determined by the human CD73 ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The minimum detection limit was 156 pg/ml.CD19+ B cells were isolated from blood samples by magnetic separation. Briefly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from freshly heparinized blood by density gradient centrifugation. The CD19+ B cells were separated by negative selection using the EasySep Direct HLA B Cell Isolation kit .
B cells were resuspended in phenol red-free RPMI 1640 medium plus 10% fetal bovine serum at a concentration of 2.5x10cells/mL, and 100 µl were plated into a 96-well plate . After 18h incubation, the cells were transferred to 1.5ml tubes and resuspended in the incubation buffer containing KCl 5 mM, CaCl2 1.5 mM, EDTA 0.1 mM, glucose 10 mM, sucrose 225 mM, Tris HCl 45 mM, and MgCl2 10 mM, pH 8. ATP was added and cells were incubated for 15, 30, and 60 min. at 37°C and 5% CO2.
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The negative impact of COVID-19 on working memory revealed using a rapid online quizAlthough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the respiratory system, it can also have neurological consequences leading to cognitive deficits such as memory problems. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on working memory function. We developed and implemented an online anonymous survey with a working memory quiz incorporating aspects of gamification to engage participants. 5428 participants successfully completed the survey and memory quiz between 8th December 2020 and 5th July 2021 (68.6% non-COVID-19 and 31.4% COVID-19). Most participants (93.3%) completed the survey and memory quiz relatively rapidly (mean time of 8.84 minutes). Categorical regression was used to assess the contribution of COVID status, age, time post-COVID (number of months elapsed since having had COVID), symptoms, ongoing symptoms and gender, followed by non-parametric statistics. A principal component analysis explored the relationship between subjective ratings and objective memory scores. The objective memory scores were significantly correlated with participants’ own assessment of their cognitive function. The factors significantly affecting memory scores were COVID status, age, time post-COVID and ongoing symptoms. Our main finding was a significant reduction in memory scores in all COVID groups (self-reported, positive-tested and hospitalized) compared to the non-COVID group. Memory scores for all COVID groups combined were significantly reduced compared to the non-COVID group in every age category 25 years and over, but not for the youngest age category (18–24 years old). We found that memory scores gradually increased over a period of 17 months post-COVID-19. However, those with ongoing COVID-19 symptoms continued to show a reduction in memory scores. Our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 negatively impacts working memory function, but only in adults aged 25 years and over. Moreover, our results suggest that working memory deficits with COVID-19 can recov
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Lockdown frustration grows in China's COVID epicentre despite a surge in casesFood supplies and other deliveries are flung over hastily built barriers, while visitors must call out to friends stuck behind the wall which separates parts of Guangzhou.
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