Free spike proteins in the blood appear to play a role in myocarditis post-COVID mRNA vaccine Blood Myocarditis Vaccine Coronavirus Disease COVID mRNA Vaccine American_Heart CircAHA
By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDJan 5 2023Reviewed by Aimee Molineux Following the large-scale rollout of the messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines developed to prevent infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 , several cases of myocarditis were reported, mostly among healthy young people.
The immune response to these vaccines in these patients needs to be better understood in order to determine why and how it happens. It is imperative to study the role of male hormones since young male patients are most often affected. T cells of all relevant subtypes, including naïve, memory, and effector memory T cells, showed similar distributions in both groups. T cells also showed similar proportions of spike-specific memory CD4 T cells and activated CD4 and CD8 T cells. The only exceptions were the observation of small elevations in effector memory cells and PD-1-expressing bulk CD4 T cells in the myocarditis group.
Concordantly, myocarditis patients had cytokine release patterns resembling those found in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children . This might indicate that the innate immune response was overactive, leading to elevations in interleukin -8, IL-10, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor -α, and interferon -γ relative to healthy controls. IL-8 was most closely associated with raised cardiac troponin T and antigen levels.
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