Anti-estrogenic therapies can suppress the growth of cancer that does not express estrogen receptors; when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies, they halt tumor progression in mice models.
Anti-estrogenic drugs fulvestrant , tamoxifen and anastrozole significantly suppressed tumor progression in TNBC tumors in mice models. Credit: Nabeel Kajihara
The researchers analyzed patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and conducted experiments in cell cultures and mice models to understand what was happening. From the TCGA data, they observed that, in TNBC, estrogen suppresses the induction of cytotoxic T cells, which typically recognize and destroy cancer cells. They confirmed this observation in mice TNBC and colon cancer models, which do not have estrogen sensitivity; they then went one step further and studied the effects of anti-estrogenic therapy on these cancers in mice models.
Therapy with fulvestrant, the most effective estrogen signal blocker currently approved for clinical use, suppressed the growth of tumor cells. Tumor growth was also suppressed by two other approved anti-estrogenic drugs, tamoxifen and anastrozole, confirming that estrogen signal-blocking was responsible.
Estrogen signal blockers modulate immune response to increase production of cytotoxic T cells, specifically by preventing the activity of estrogen. The team also showed that therapy combining estrogen signal blockers with a class of drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors drastically suppresses tumor progression in mice models.
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