The final results of a landmark study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases confirm that the benefits of combining the RTS,S/AS01E (RTS,S) malaria vaccine with antimalarial drugs in settings of highly seasonal malaria transmission continue over five years.
confirm that the benefits of combining the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine with antimalarial drugs in settings of highly seasonal malaria transmission continue over five years.
The findings from five years of follow-up are consistent with those from the first three years, which were published in 2021. Those findings contributed to the World Health Organization's decision that year to recommend the RTS,S vaccine for use in settings of moderate-to-high malaria transmission, including its use in areas with highly seasonal malaria or in areas of perennial malaria transmission with seasonal peaks.
In light of what is already known about the potential for malaria"rebound" following the withdrawal of malaria prevention, children in the study who received SMC and/or the vaccine are being followed for a further two years.
Compared with SMC alone, the RTS,S-SMC combination reduced by two-thirds hospital admissions for WHO-defined severe malaria , malarial anemia , blood transfusions , and malaria deaths . The study took advantage of the fact that RTS,S efficacy is highest in the months immediately after vaccination, at about 70%. In this study, the primary course of three vaccine doses, administered one month apart in the run-up to the rainy season, was shown to have similar protective efficacy against clinical malaria as four courses of SMC.
Mark Palmer, DPhil, Director of International Relations at the Medical Research Council, said,"It is exciting to see the potential for a significant reduction in malaria cases and deaths in children under 5 demonstrated by this landmark study. This crucial evidence expands the range of tools available to combat this disease in the future."
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