A research team co-led by UCLA investigators has shown that an immunotherapy drug combination can be an effective second-line therapy for patients with an aggressive and deadly type of melanoma that is resistant to the widely used immunotherapy drugs known as PD-1 inhibitors.
. Nivolumab, also known as an PD-1 inhibitor, blocks an immune checkpoint protein on T cells called PD-1. Ipilimumab, also known as an CTLA-4 inhibitor, blocks the protein CTLA-4. These inhibitors can help restore the natural ability of T cells to attack cancer cells.
Before this study, it was unclear whether patients whose cancers are resistant to the PD-1 inhibitors can continue the PD-1 agent in combination with a CTLA-4 inhibitor or if they should be switched to a CTLA-4 inhibitor alone. To see if a combination approach is more effective than using CTLA-4 inhibitors alone as a second-line therapy, researchers enrolled 91 patients in the multicenter clinical trial who had already been treated with an anti-PD-1 immunotherapy drug and had not received an anti-CTLA-4 drug. All of the patients enrolled had cancer that had not responded to the current therapy.
Side effects were similar to what was previously known about this combination of drugs, with the most frequent severe adverse event being diarrhea, which happened at the same rate with ipilimumab alone or in combination.
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