China upgrades Great Firewall to defeat censor-beating TLS tools
Which is an odd thing to say given that China started blocking Google in 2010 and Greatfire.org, another service that monitors China’s internet censorship,Google and its online services, including YouTube and Google.com, are 100 percent blocked in China, and have been blocked for ages. Google.cn redirects to Google.com.uk in Hong Kong, but even that .hk domain is blocked these days in mainland China along with the .com.
“The censors," we're told,"first started Server Name Indication SNI-based censorship on google.com and *.google.com on Thursday, September 22, 2022, sometime between 6:23 AM and 7:33 PM Beijing Time . Specifically, the censor looks for SNI values in Transport Layer Security ClientHello messages, and when a SNI value matches the blacklist rules, the censor sends forged TCP RST packets to tear down the connections.
SNI, for what it's worth, is used by browsers connecting to a web server using TLS to specify the domain of the website the user wishes to visit. A server can handle multiple sites from one IP address, and SNI is used to select the site the person wants. SNI is typically sent non-encrypted, prior to the establishment of encryption between the browser and server, so it's ripe for government snoops to detect and use to censor unwanted connections.
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