In-ICU red blood cells transfusion is associated with a higher 1-year mortality in ICU survivors, according to a study published in Crit_Care.
Two different approaches were considered to estimate the effect of RBC transfusion on 1-year mortality: a semi-parametric approach and a non-parametric approach. In the semi-parametric approach, we used Cox models to model the survival and the censoring. Treatment allocation was modelled with a propensity score calculated from a logistic regression. In the non-parametric approach, we modelled with random survival forests the survival, the censoring, and the treatment allocation.
Under these semi-parametric and non-parametric approaches, two estimators were applied to assess the study’s primary outcomes based on models in which identification of confounding factors was required.A three round Delphi method including experts in critical care and transfusion was used to identify the confounding variables necessary to build the different models. Additional file
: Figure S3 shows the causal inference diagram applied in a directed acyclic graph, differentiating variables assessed as predictors of the outcome but unrelated to the treatment assignment and the variables assessed as predictors of both treatment and outcome.The unweighted curves were estimated with the Kaplan Meier estimator, the unweighted hazard ratio was estimated with a Cox regression with only the transfusion status as a variable.
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