Adolescence stress exposure in rodents can lead to reduced hippocampal cell proliferation, neuroplasticity, and cognitive impairments, as well as increased depressive-like behaviors. These effects may persist into adulthood but with variable impact.
By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDAug 27 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Many mood and psychological disorders develop during adolescence; however, the relationship between adolescent stress-related neurogenesis and psychiatric illnesses during this period remains unclear.
The hippocampus during adolescence is bigger than in both rodent and human adults. More specifically, the adolescent hippocampus is characterized by neurogenesis, during which new neurons are formed in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus to become part of the granule cell layer. These cells are relatively numerous in the adolescent as compared to adults.
The current study examines how the hippocampus is related to stress in adolescence and the effects of interventions on stress-linked adverse effects on the hippocampus and resulting cognitive, behavioral, and neuroplasticity functions. Other effects included changes in the length and density of dendritic spines, as well as dysfunction in post-stress long-term potentiation and long-term depression . Poor dendrite formation or altered density and morphology of dendrites were associated with dysfunctional memory and depressive-like symptoms.
The presence of depressive-like symptoms was consistent regardless of the time of behavioral testing. Moreover, the duration of stress was associated with depressive-like responses.
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